Nortel Networks NN43001-563 User Manual Page 95
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IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) traffic engineering 95
on the corporate intranet. This is described in "IP Trunk 3.01 (and later)
traffic engineering" (page 95).
2. Assess WAN link resources. If resources in the corporate intranet
are not sufficient to adequately support voice services, the cause is
usually insufficient WAN resources. "Assess WAN link resources" (page
121) outlines how this assessment can be made.
3. Measure the existing intranet’s Quality of Service (QoS). Estimate the
quality of voice service the corporate intranet can deliver. "Measure
intranet QoS" (page 139) describes how to measure prevailing delay
and error characteristics of an intranet.
After the assessment phase, the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) network can be
designed and implemented. This design not only involves the IP Trunk
3.01 (and later) elements, but can also require making design changes to
the existing customer intranet. "Fine-tune network QoS" (page 132) and
"Implement QoS in IP networks" (page 126) provide guidelines for making
modifications to the intranet.
IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) traffic engineering
To design a network is to size the network so that it can accept a calculated
amount of traffic. The purpose of the IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) network is
to deliver voice traffic that meets QoS objectives. Since traffic determines
network design, the design process must start with obtaining an offered IP
Trunk 3.01 (and later) traffic forecast. The traffic forecast dr ives drive the
following:
•
IP Trunk 3.01 (and later) hardware requirements
•
WAN requirements
• TLAN subnet requirements
Traffic forecasting is a process that often requires several tries to achieve
satisfactory results. For example, a WAN might not have enough bandwidth
to support all the IP trunks required; therefore the codec choice or the
number of trunks provisioned must be adjusted.
Estimate voice traffic calculations
Follow the steps in Procedure 4 "Estimating voice traffic" (page 95) to
calculate an estimate of voice traffic.
Procedure 4
Estimating voice traffic
Step Action
1
Calculate Voice on IP traffic.
Nortel Communication Server 1000
IP Trunk Fundamentals
NN43001-563 02.01 Standard
Release 5.5 21 December 2007
Copyright © 2007, Nortel Networks
.
- IP Trunk Fundamentals 1
- ITG engineering guidelines 87 5
- NN43001-563 02.01 Standard 10
- Release 5.5 21 December 2007 10
- Maintenance 389 11
- 14 Contents 14
- New in this Release 15
- 16 New in this Release 16
- How to Get Help 17
- 18 How to Get Help 18
- Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 19
- 20 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 20
- Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 21
- Directly-routed calls 22
- Gatekeeper-routed calls 22
- Startup and registration 23
- 24 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 24
- 26 Overview of IP Trunk 3.01 26
- Loss plans and pad values 27
- Codec selection 27
- Package requirements 27
- Trunk 2.x 28
- System description 29
- System requirements 32
- Ordering rules and guidelines 36
- IP trunk card description 38
- Card roles 39
- Follower 40
- Active Leader 40
- Backup Leader 41
- D-channel IP gateway 41
- 42 System description 42
- Figure 6 42
- Card combinations 43
- 44 System description 44
- IP trunk card description 45 45
- Figure 7 47
- Card Status LED 48
- Ethernet status LEDs 49
- Reset switch 49
- PC Card socket 49
- Maintenance display 49
- 50 System description 50
- NTVQ01BB Hardware 52
- Assembly description 53
- Status LED 53
- Reset button 53
- 54 System description 54
- Installation guidelines 55
- Software delivery 55
- Card upgrades 56
- 60 System description 60
- Figure 15 60
- Figure 16 60
- Labeled Media Card 60
- ISDN Signaling Link 61
- 62 System description 62
- Figure 17 62
- ITG configuration 62
- ISDN Signaling Link 63 63
- Figure 18 63
- Inter-card signaling paths 64
- Dialing plans 65
- North American dialing plan 66
- Flexible Numbering Plan 67
- Echo cancellation 67
- Echo canceller tail delay 67
- Speech Activity Detection 69
- DTMF Through Dial 69
- Quality of Service parameters 71
- Packet loss 71
- Packet delay 72
- Delay variation (jitter) 72
- Bandwidth 72
- Network performance utilities 72
- Packet InterNet Groper (PING) 73
- Traceroute 73
- End-to-end latency 73
- Equipment Impairment factor 74
- Figure 22 75
- Type of Service 76
- Type of Service 77 77
- Fax support 78
- Remote Access 79
- Configuration 81
- Messaging 81
- Start record 81
- End record 82
- SNMP MIB 83
- Codec profiles 84
- Security passwords 86
- ITG engineering guidelines 87
- Audience 90
- Equipment requirements 90
- Introduction 91 91
- Figure 23 91
- 92 ITG engineering guidelines 92
- 94 ITG engineering guidelines 94
- Figure 24 94
- Procedure 4 95
- Estimating voice traffic 95
- 96 ITG engineering guidelines 96
- 98 ITG engineering guidelines 98
- Procedure 5 98
- Card role 102
- DCHIP card role 102
- Leader card role 102
- Single card role 103
- Backup Leader/Follower role 103
- Host module type 104
- Endpoint type 105
- Recommendation 107
- ATTENTION 112
- TAT enhancement 115
- TAT call Scenario 117
- TAT versus TRO 118
- Assess WAN link resources 121
- Route Link Traffic Estimation 123
- Enough capacity 125
- Implement QoS in IP networks 126
- Traffic mix 127
- TCP traffic behavior 127
- Queue management 129
- Queueing delay 129
- Class-based Queueing 129
- Buffer management and WRED 129
- Fine-tune network QoS 132
- Further network analysis 132
- Components of delay 132
- Propagation delay 132
- Serialization delay 133
- Queuing delay 133
- Routing and hop count 134
- Other delay components 135
- Reduce link delay 135
- Reduce hop count 136
- Adjust jitter buffer size 136
- Reduce packet loss 136
- Routing issues 137
- Network modeling 137
- Time-of-Day voice routing 138
- Measure intranet QoS 139
- Figure 27 140
- Measure intranet QoS 141 141
- Figure 28 142
- Figure 29 142
- QoS level with G.711 codec 142
- Obtain QoS measurement tools 143
- Adjust PING measurements 145
- Late packets 145
- Estimate voice quality 147
- Sample scenarios 150
- Measure intranet QoS 151 151
- IP trunk card connections 153
- 10/100BaseT Ethernet ports 153
- RS-232 serial ports 153
- Subnet configurations 154
- Private IP addresses 156
- Public IP addresses 156
- General LAN considerations 157
- TLAN subnet design 158
- Setting up the ELAN subnet 159
- Duplex mismatch 159
- I/O filter connector 160
- Codec types 161
- Payload size 162
- Fallback threshold 164
- Set ITG QoS objectives 165
- Intranet QoS monitoring 166
- SNMP network management 167
- User feedback 168
- Contents 169
- Introduction 169
- TM 3.1 ITG Engineering rules 169
- Figure 32 171
- TM 3.1 PC description 172
- Hard drive requirements 174
- Before you begin 180
- ESN installation summary 182
- Channel Identifier planning 184
- Overlapping channel numbers 190
- Card installation procedure 190
- Figure 34 192
- Procedure 8 194
- Figure 35 195
- Procedure 9 196
- Installing the NTCW84KA cable 196
- Figure 36 197
- Procedure 10 197
- Installing the NTMF94EA cable 197
- For DCHIP cards 198
- For non-DCHIP cards 198
- Configure NT6D80 MSDL switches 199
- Large System equipment row) 200
- Figure 38 201
- Procedure 13 203
- Install the serial cable 204
- Procedure 14 205
- Installing the serial cable 205
- Figure 40 207
- EMC kit deployment 207
- Figure 41 208
- Figure 42 209
- Chassis" (page 211) 210
- RS-232 maintenance port 211
- NTMF29BA DCHIP cable 212
- NTMF04BA MSDL extension cable 214
- DCHIP Cable Routing 215
- 1000M Cabinet extension cable 216
- Other components 216
- Trunk 3.01 (and later) 218
- Systems 220
- ESN5 network signaling 231
- Procedure 17 237
- Figure 50 237
- Add ITG Node window 237
- Configure Network Connections 239
- Configure card properties 240
- Figure 52 241
- Configuration tab 241
- Procedure 21 247
- Configure Accounting server 250
- Figure 57 251
- Accounting Server tab 251
- Figure 58 252
- Procedure 24 253
- Figure 59 254
- Configure Digits dialed tab 255
- Figure 60 257
- Procedure 28 263
- Procedure 29 265
- Procedure 30 266
- Figure 61 267
- IP trunk card status 267
- Procedure 31 268
- Procedure 32 269
- Procedure 33 270
- Procedure 34 271
- Figure 64 273
- Procedure 36 274
- Upgrade the DCHIP PC Card 276
- Overview 281
- Add a site and system 282
- Add a site and system 283 283
- Figure 68 283
- Add a Site 283
- Change an existing site 284
- Add a site and system 285 285
- Figure 70 285
- Change System Properties 285
- Figure 71 285
- Delete a site 286
- Add a site and system 287 287
- Figure 73 287
- Deleting a site 287
- Figure 74 288
- Figure 75 288
- Confirm deletion 288
- Add a system 289
- Figure 77 290
- New system menu bar 290
- Add a site and system 291 291
- Figure 78 291
- Select a system type 291
- Figure 79 291
- Figure 80 292
- Add a site and system 293 293
- Figure 81 293
- System Data tab 293
- Figure 82 294
- Empty Customers window 294
- Add a site and system 295 295
- Figure 83 295
- Add Customer window 295
- Change an existing system 296
- Add a site and system 297 297
- Figure 85 297
- System Properties window 297
- Click Properties 298
- Delete a system 299
- Figure 89 300
- Figure 90 300
- Confirming the deletion 300
- Procedure 45 301
- Figure 91 301
- Figure 92 302
- ITG ISDN IP Trunk window 302
- Figure 93 302
- Add ITG Node dialog box 302
- Figure 94 303
- New ITG node General tab 303
- Figure 95 304
- Figure 96 306
- Figure 98 308
- Edit a node 311
- Figure 102 312
- Change node properties 312
- Figure 103 312
- Figure 104 313
- Figure 105 313
- Figure 106 314
- Figure 107 315
- Figure 108 315
- Delete a node 316
- Figure 110 317
- Figure 111 317
- Figure 112 318
- Confirm the node deletion 318
- Figure 113 318
- The node is deleted 318
- Destination node protocol 319
- Quality of Service 319
- Dialing plan types 320
- Figure 115 323
- ITG Dialing Plan window 323
- Figure 116 324
- Figure 117 324
- Figure 118 325
- Figure 120 327
- Figure 121 327
- Select the destination node 327
- Figure 122 328
- Figure 123 329
- Figure 124 330
- Figure 125 330
- Figure 127 332
- Select the Dial Plan 332
- Complex dialing plans 333
- Gatekeeper-resolved endpoints 334
- Figure 130 335
- Making a Gatekeeper zone 335
- Procedure 49 335
- Figure 131 336
- Figure 132 338
- Procedure 51 338
- Figure 133 339
- Figure 134 339
- TM 3.1 OA and M using TM 3.1 343
- Delete an IP trunk card 345
- Database locking 346
- ITG Card Properties window 347
- Procedure 54 348
- Configure the date and time 348
- DSP maintenance window 349
- D-channel maintenance 350
- Transmit configuration data 350
- Figure 140 351
- ITG Transmit Options window 351
- Figure 141 352
- Locked IP trunk card message 352
- Procedure 56 353
- Figure 142 354
- Retrieve ITG node window 354
- Figure 143 355
- Configuration audit 356
- Trunk 3.0 (and later) node 357
- Procedure 59 358
- Figure 144 359
- Generate OM Report 359
- Figure 145 359
- OM Report scheduling window 359
- MAT Installation 360
- Backup and restore operations 361
- Alarm Notification 361
- System commands LD 32 362
- System commands LD 32 365 365
- STAT l s c u 365
- Procedure 60 369
- Procedure 61 370
- Figure 147 371
- Procedure 62 372
- Procedure 63 372
- Display the number of DSPs 375
- Software upgrade 378
- Generic file transfer: 378
- Configuration file transfer 379
- Procedure 64 380
- Procedure 65 380
- Procedure 66 381
- Backup from the CLI 382
- Restore from the CLI 383
- Display IP trunk card status 387
- Maintenance 389
- System level maintenance 396
- Error traps 399
- Other traps 399
- ITG shell command set 400
- IP trunk card self-tests 407
- Card LAN 408
- BIOS self-test 408
- Base code self-test 409
- Application upgrade 410
- Maintenance or bug fix upgrade 410
- Patching tool 410
- Patch Directories 414
- Flash storage upgrades 414
- Software upgrade mechanisms 414
- Upgrade software using TM 3.1 414
- Replace an IP trunk card 416
- Replace an IP trunk card 417 417
- 418 Maintenance 418
- Replace an IP trunk card 419 419
- Procedure 71 419
- Procedure 72 419
- Backup and restore procedures 420
- Fault clearance procedures 421
- DCH failure 422
- DCH link failure 422
- PC Card failure 422
- DCHIP card failure 423
- Power loss 423
- Message: PRI241 428
- Description 428
- Normal cause 428
- Normal resolutions 428
- Message: BUG085 430
- Appendix A 431
- Patches and advisements 431
- IP Trunk 3.01.22 patches 432
- Appendix B 435
- (page 441).) 440
- Procedure 73 447
- Tools list 449
- Remove the NT8D81BA cable 449
- Procedure 75 450
- Appendix C 451
- Mechanical conditions 452
- Appendix D 457
- Appendix E 459
- CLI commands 459
- 460 Appendix E CLI commands 460
- Appendix F 461
- Procedure 77 462
- Procedure 78 464
- ELAN subnet installation) 467
- Appendix G 473
- Upgrade procedure summary 474
- Procedure 80 476
- Figure 156 477
- ITG/ISL trunk software 478
- Procedure 83 480
- ITG> card Reset 481
- Figure 157 482
- Software download example 482
- Upgrade considerations 483
- Procedure 85 484
- Verify ROM-BIOS version 485
- Upgrade Troubleshooting 485
- Symbols/Numerics 487
- 488 Index 488
- Index 489 489
- 490 Index 490
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