Nortel Networks WEB OS 212777 manuals

Nortel networks WEB OS 212777 User Manual (482 pages)

Brand: Nortel-networks | Category: Hardware | Size: 4.94 MB |

English

Table of contents

Web OS Switch Software

1

10.0 Application Guide

1

212777-A, February 2002

2

Web OS 10.0 Application Guide

10

Contents

10

Contents

11

Glossary 471

12

Index 475

12

Figures

14

Figures

15

Tables

18

New Features

19

Who Should Use This Guide

21

Preface

22

Typographic Conventions

23

Contacting Us

24

Basic IP Routing

27

IP Routing Benefits

28

Routing Between IP Subnets

28

Chapter 1: Basic IP Routing

29

Chapter 1: Basic IP Routing

30

Example of Subnet Routing

31

Route Cache

35

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

36

DHCP Relay

41

CHAPTER 2

43

VLAN ID Numbers

44

VLAN Tagging

44

VLANs and the IP Interfaces

45

Chapter 2: VLANs

46

Chapter 2: VLANs

47

Multiple Spanning Trees

51

VLANs and Default Gateways

58

Configuring the Local Network

60

VLANs and Jumbo Frames

63

Figure 2-7 Jumbo Frame VLANs

64

Aggregate Port Trunk

65

Statistical Load Distribution

66

Built-In Fault Tolerance

66

Port Trunking Example

67

OSPF Overview

69

ABR = Area Border Router

70

ASBR = Autonomous System

70

Boundary Router

70

Types of OSPF Routing Devices

71

Neighbors and Adjacencies

72

The Link-State Database

72

The Shortest Path First Tree

73

OSPF Implementation in Web OS

74

Defining Areas

75

Interface Cost

77

Summarizing Routes

77

Default Routes

78

Virtual Links

79

Router ID

80

Authentication

80

Chapter 4: OSPF

82

OSPF Configuration Examples

83

Example 1: Simple OSPF Domain

84

Example 2: Virtual Links

86

Other Virtual Link Options

89

Example 3: Summarizing Routes

90

Stub Area

92

Backbone

92

5. Define the backbone

97

6. Define the stub area

97

Verifying OSPF Configuration

98

Secure Switch Management

101

Requirements

102

Internet

103

Web Switch User Accounts

105

Secure Shell and Secure Copy

107

SCP Services

108

RSA Host and Server Keys

109

Radius Authentication

110

SecurID Support

110

Configuring SSH/SCP

111

212777-A, February 2002

112

Port Mirroring

113

Part 2: Web Switching

115

Fundamentals

115

Web Switching Fundamentals

116

Server Load Balancing

117

Network Topology Requirements

122

IP Address Ranges Using imask

129

Configuring Multiple Services

130

Minimum Misses

131

Least Connections

132

Round Robin

132

Response Time

133

Bandwidth

133

Weights for Real Servers

134

Backup/Overflow Servers

135

Extending SLB Topologies

136

Mapping Ports

139

Load Balancing Metric

141

Direct Server Interaction

142

Layer 2 Switch

143

Web Switch

143

Server farm

143

Using Proxy IP Addresses

144

Monitoring Real Servers

145

Normal Request

146

DoS SYN Attack

146

Configuring Delayed Binding

148

Detecting SYN Attacks

148

IP Server Load Balancing

149

FTP Server Load Balancing

150

Preconfiguration Tasks

152

RTSP Implementation

156

Using RADIUS Snooping

160

Configuring RADIUS Snooping

161

WAN Link Load Balancing

166

Filtering

169

Overview

170

Stacking Filters

172

Overlapping Filters

172

The Default Filter

173

VLAN-based Filtering

174

Optimizing Filter Performance

176

Filter Logs

176

IP Address Ranges

178

TCP Rate Limiting

179

Chapter 7: Filtering

181

Real serversClients

183

Filter-based Security

185

For UDP:

189

Similarly, for TCP:

189

Network Address Translation

191

Configuring Static NAT

192

Dynamic NAT

193

Configuring Dynamic NAT

194

FTP Client NAT

195

Matching TCP Flags

197

Matching ICMP Message Types

201

Chapter 7: Filtering

202

Application Redirection

203

Client Switch

205

RTSP Web Cache Redirection

211

IP Proxy Addresses for NAT

213

Excluding Noncacheable Sites

215

Virtual Matrix Architecture

217

Health Checking

219

Chapter 10: Health Checking

220

Real Server Health Checks

221

DSR Health Checks

222

Link Health Checks

223

TCP Health Checks

224

ICMP Health Checks

224

Script-Based Health Checks

225

Script Format

226

Script Configuration Examples

227

Scripting Guidelines

227

HTTP Health Checks

231

UDP-Based DNS Health Checks

233

FTP Server Health Checks

234

POP3 Server Health Checks

235

SMTP Server Health Checks

236

IMAP Server Health Checks

237

NNTP Server Health Checks

238

RADIUS Server Health Checks

239

WAP Gateway Health Checks

240

WSP Content Health Checks

241

WTLS Health Checks

242

LDAP Health Checks

243

ARP Health Checks

245

Failure Types

246

High Availability

247

VRRP Overview

248

Virtual Router MAC Address

249

Owners and Renters

249

VRRP Operation

251

Active-Standby Failover

252

Failover Methods

253

Active-Standby Redundancy

254

Active-Active Redundancy

255

Hot-Standby Redundancy

256

Virtual Router Group

257

Synchronizing Configurations

258

Web OS Extensions to VRRP

259

Master-Active VR 1

260

Tracking VRRP Router Priority

261

Parameter Description

262

Task 2: SLB Configuration

269

Task 4: Configuring Switch 2

273

Configuration Procedure

276

Persistent Sessions

283

On the Master Switch

285

On the Backup Switch

285

If the switch is a master:

286

If the switch is a backup:

286

Part 3: Advanced Web

287

Switching

287

Advanced Web Switching

288

Global Server Load Balancing

289

GSLB Overview

290

How GSLB Works

291

Configuring GSLB

293

How IP Proxy Works

305

Verifying GSLB Operation

308

Firewall Load Balancing

313

Firewall Overview

314

Basic FWLB

316

Basic FWLB Implementation

317

Configuring Basic FWLB

319

Four-Subnet FWLB

326

Configuring Four-Subnet FWLB

329

Configure the Routers

330

Configure the Firewalls

330

Verify Proper Connectivity

337

Advanced FWLB Concepts

346

>> # ../group 1

347

Note: There can be

349

Firewall Health Checks

351

Using HTTP Health Checks

352

Virtual Private Network Load

353

Balancing

353

7. Enable SLB

361

1. Turn off BOOTP

365

3. Turn off STP

365

Test the VPN

369

Content Intelligent Switching

371

Parsing Content

373

HTTP Header Inspection

374

Virtual Hosting

380

Browser-Smart Load Balancing

386

Configuring URL Hashing

387

Header Hash Load Balancing

389

DNS Load Balancing

390

Layer 7 RTSP Load Balancing

392

Example 1: Hashing on the URL

407

Regular Expression Matching

412

/cfg/slb/layer7/slb/add

413

Content Precedence Lookup

414

Layer 7 Deny Filter

417

Persistence

421

Overview of Persistence

422

Using Cookies

423

Using SSL Session ID

423

Cookie-Based Persistence

424

Cookie Formats

425

Cookie Properties

426

Cookie Modes of Operation

427

Passive Cookie Mode

428

Rewrite Cookie Mode

429

Chapter 16: Persistence

433

Example 2: Parsing the Cookie

434

Chapter 16: Persistence

440

Bandwidth Management

441

Bandwidth Policies

444

Rate Limits

445

Data Pacing

446

Classification Criteria

447

Combinations

448

Precedence

448

Frame Discard

449

Cache servers

450

Statistics Maintained

452

Operational Keys

453

Web Site Preference Example

460

Security Management Example

468

Glossary

471

Glossary

474

Numerics

475

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